Reactivity of Elements
→ Vertical column are called group and horizontal row are called period.| | ||||||||
| Group→ Period ↓ | ||||||||
| 1 | H 1s1 | He 1s2 | ||||||
| 2 | Li 1s22s1 | Be 1s22s2 | B 1s22s22p1 | C 1s22s22p2 | N 1s22s22p3 | O 1s22s22p4 | F 1s22s22p5 | Ne 1s22s22p6 |
| 3 | Na 1s22s22p63s1 | Mg 1s22s22p63s2 |
Al 1s22s22p63s23p1 | Si 1s22s22p63s23p2 | P 1s22s22p63s23p3 | S 1s22s22p63s23p4 | Cl 1s22s22p63s23p5 | Ar 1s22s22p63s23p6 |
| 4 | K 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 | Ca 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 | ||||||
Point to be remember
- Group :→ As we move from top to down in a group number of cell added.So atomic size also goes on increasing.
- Period :→ In a period as we move from left to right cell doesnot added but central positive charge increases. So the atomic size decreases.
- Valency :→ The number of electron, an elements give or take or share during the chemical reaction is called valency of elements.It depends on valence electron ( the electron on outermost cell).
- The elements of IA, IIA and IIIA group, has 1, 2 or 3 elements in outermost cell, give outermost cell electrons during chemical reaction. So these elements have (+)ve valency.
- The elements of VA, VIA and VIIA group, which has 5, 6 or 7 elements in outermost cell, take electron during chemical reaction such that to fulfill its octe. So these elements have (–)ve valency.
- The elements which has 4 electrons in outermost cell, it share electron during chemical reaction.
Q. In between Na and K which one is more reactive, why?
→ Both Na and K are in IA group. Due to bigger size of K than Na, outermost electron of K feel low force of attraction. Therefor K gives electron easily and reaction occured faster than Na. K is more reactive than Na.
→
In a period, up to IIIA group, electrons should be given is 1, 2 and 3. As number of electron should be given increases this take more time. So reactivty decrease.Q. In between Na and Mg which one is more reactive, why?
→ Na is more reactive than Mg. Because of Mg should give 2 electron during reaction and Na should give 1 electron. To give 1 electron is easier so Na is reactive.
Q. In between K and Ca which one is more reactive, why?
→
→ In group VA, VIA and VIIA, these all group elements take electron during reaction. As we move from top to bottom atomic size increases. Thefor electron pulling capacity of electron decreases. Hence reactivity decreases as we move donwn the group.
→ Due to bigger size of Cl than F, Electron pulling capacity of Cl is less than F. So Cl is less reactive than F.
→ For single period in group VA, VIA and VIIA, as we move from left to right, electron should be taken is decrease. So they fullfill its electron easily. Hence reactivity increases as we move left to right in group VA, VIA and VIIA.
Do Yourself
Q. Elements of IA group is called active metal and Elements of VIIA group is called active non-metal, why?
Q. Why, Potassium is called reactive metal?
Q. Chlorine is called reactive non-metal, why?
Q. Zero group (VIIIA) elements are inert, give reason?
Q. Between Na and Al which one has smaller atom, why?
Q. Neon atoms are found freeely in nature, why?
Q. Hellium and Argon are called inert gaseous why?
Q. Chlorine is more reactive than Nitrogen, why?
Q. Between Chlorine and Fluorine which one is more reactive, why?
Q. Between Na and K, which one is more reactive, why?
Q. K and Ca are in same period, but K is more reactive, why?
Q. ?
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